Memories, explain about them in SAP ABAP.

What are the types of Memories, explain about them?

Ans :- The Memory concept is used to access the data across the internal or External Sessions.

 There are 2 types of memories.

1. SAP Memory: - It is used to access the data from one session to another session through Parameter ID or Memory ID.

 The ABAP statements SET PARAMETER ID and GET PARAMETER ID are used to work with the SAP memory.

 SET PARAMETER ID is used to pass the field value from an application program into the specified SAP Memory ID or Parameter ID.

 GET PARAMETER ID is used to get the data from the specified memory ID or Parameter ID into filed of an application program.

 The Parameter ID’s are maintained at Data Element level under Further Characteristics.

2. ABAP memory: - It is used to access the data across internal sessions. The ABAP statements IMPORT & EXPORT are used to work with the ABAP Memory.

 The IMPORT statement is used to import the data from the specified memory ID into data variable.

 The EXPORT statement is used to export the data into the specified memory ID from the program.

Control Break Statements, explain about them in SAP ABAP.

What are the Control Break Statements, explain about them?

Control Break Statements, explain about them in SAP ABAP.

Ans :-

Control Break statements: - They are used to control the data flow of an internal table.

 The Control break statements start with AT and ends with ENDAT.

 These statements should be used within the LOOP statements only

 Following are the different types of Control break statements.

 AT FIRST: - This event is triggered at the first record of an internal table. This is used to display the Header information.

 AT NEW: - This event is triggered at the first record of each block. This is used to display the individual headings.

 AT END OF: - This event is triggered at the last record of each block. This is used to display the total/sub totals in the internal table.

 AT LAST: - This event is triggered at the last record of an internal table.

 ON CHANGE OF: - It is a special control break statement which can be used outside of the loop statement also.

 It is almost similar to AT NEW statement but it doesn't consider the preceding fields.

 It can be used on the multiple fields using SET operators (AND, OR, BETWEEN).

Explain about the events associated with Classical Reports in SAP ABAP.

Explain about the events associated with Classical Reports?

Events associated with Classical Reports in SAP ABAP.

Ans :- Following are the EVENTS associated with the Classical Reports .

 LOAD-OF-PROGRAM : This event triggers at the time of loading the program

into a memory.

 INITIALIZATION: This event is triggered before the selection screen is displayed. It is used to clear & refresh the data variables and used to pass the default values to the selection fields.

 AT SELECTION-SCREEN: This event is triggered after providing the input in the selection screen.

 START-OF-SELECTION: It is the default event & mandatory to execute any executable program. It is used to fetch the data from the DB. If no event is used in the executable program, the entire program will be triggered under

Start-Of-Selection.

 END-OF-SELECTION: This event is triggered after Start-Of-Selection event is processed. It is used to specify the data process statements.

 TOP-OF-PAGE: This event is triggered with the first ULINE/WRITE/SKIP/NEW PAGE statement in START_OF-SELECTION event in the program. It is used to display the column headings.

 END-OF-PAGE: This event is triggered at the end of each page. It is used to display the footer details of a page such as totals etc..The report addition

LINE-COUNT must be specified to trigger this event.

Explain about Loop termination statements in SAP ABAP.

 Explain about Loop termination statements?

 Loop termination statements in SAP ABAP.

Ans :- The following statements are used to come out of the loops and continue with the next

loop statements.

 EXIT: - This statement is used to come out of the loop statement and continue with the next statement line outside of the loop statements in the program.

 STOP: - This statement is used to stop the Loop process along with the next part of the loop statement.

 CONTINUE: - This statement is used to stop the current loop process and continue with the next loop process.

 CHECK: - This statement is used to check the specified conditions and continue with the next loop process.

 CHECK = CONDITION + CONTINUE.

Disadvantage Of Using Batch Input Session Method in SAP ABAP.

What Is The Biggest Disadvantage Of Using Batch Input Session Method?

Session Method Disadvantage in SAP ABAP.

When dealing with batch input sessions, there is a timing issue involving the creation of a batch input session and the processing of a batch input session. The creation and processing of batch input sessions are distinct or two different actions; therefore, they occur at different times.

Between the time a batch input session is created and the time it is processed, changes might have been made to the SAP database. These changes may result in errors when processing the batch input session.

For example, a BDC program creates a batch input session to insert 10000 materials into the SAP database. Before the session is processed, a SAP user inserts 20 of these materials into the SAP system. When the batch input session is finally processed, these 20 materials will result in errors because they cannot be inserted into the SAP database more than once. Also Batch Input Sessions cannot be run in parallel and hence are not fast.

Search Help in SAP ABAP.

What are the Search Help, types and explain about them?

Search Help

Ans: - It is used to provide all the possible entries to the input variable as search help.

1) Elementary Search help:

 - It is created using one base table.

2) Collective Search help:

 - It is the collection of Elementary Search help.

Search Help Exit: It is a Function module to filter possible entries of a search help.

It is used to modify the F4 values at run time.

Differences between Check table and Value table in SAP ABAP.

 What are the differences between Check table and Value table?

Check table VS Value table

1. It is maintained at the TABLE level.

1. It is maintained at the DOMAIN level.

--------------------------------------------------

2. It can be used to extract the data in the programs.

2. It can't be used to extract data since it is linked with the domain.

---------------------------------------------------

3. The Search Help is displayed from the Check table on the foreign key field of a foreign key table.

3. The Search Help is displayed on each field which is linked with the same domain of the Value table.

----------------------------------------------------

4. It forces the user to select any one of the check table field entries

4. It does not force the user since it has empty value by default.

Types of Views and explain in SAP ABAP.

What are the types of Views and explain about them?

View in SAP ABAP.

Ans: - Views are the virtual/imaginary tables. It does not contain the data permanently.

View contains the data at Run time only.

1) Database View: - 

It is used to combine the multiple tabled data by joining them. It can be used to extract the data in the programs.

2) Maintenance View: - 

It is used to maintain multiple tables data using the T-code SM30 (TMG).

3) Help View: 

- It is used in the selection method in an Elementary Search Help to provide the

list of possible entries from the multiple tables.

4) Projection View

: - It is used to HIDE the unwanted fields of the table. It can be

defined using one table only.

Explain about Constants, Text Symbols, Selection Texts and Variants in SAP ABAP.

 Explain about Constants, Text Symbols, Selection Texts and Variants?

Constants:

-They are used to avoid the hard coded text in the programs and improve the reusability in the program. The ABAP statement ‘CONSTANTS’ is used to define constants.

Text Symbols: 

- The ABAP Statement TEXT followed by the symbol number (XXX) can used to define or call the text symbol.

Selection texts:

 - They are used to maintain the Field labels (descriptions) of the input fields of the selection screen. The T-code SE63 is used to translate the text elements.

Variants: 

- They are used to save the input data for further execution in the selection screen. They can also be used to avoid the data entry errors & schedule a program in the back ground.

Some Keywords in SAP ABAP.

Some Keywords in SAP ABAP.

Some Keywords in SAP ABAP.

Ans: 

Append:

It is the keyword used to append record by record from work area to at last record of the

internal table. Syntax: APPEND <gs_dbtab> TO <gt_dbtab>.

Insert:

This statement is used to insert a new record at any position of an internal table.

Syntax : INSERT <gs_final> INDEX <n>? SY-TABIX.

Collect:

It also used like an APPEND statement. This statement is used to compare character/string

fields data & summarizes the numeric field data. It is used to display sub-totals .

Syntax : COLLECT <gs_source> INTO <gs_collect>.

Lines:

It is the keyword which returns no of records available in the internal table.

Occurs:

It is the keyword; it allocates 8KB of memory for the internal table by default. If the data in the

Internal table exceeds 8KB then it will bring one more 8KB of memory & so on up to 2GB.

Clear: 

It clears the contents of the work area & internal table with header line ITAB[ ] & variables

Refresh: 

It clears the contents of the internal table only.

Free: 

It clears the contents of internal table along with allocated memory.

Different types of internal tables and explain about them in SAP ABAP.

What are the different types of internal tables and explain about them?

Different types of internal tables and explain about them in SAP ABAP.

Ans :- Internal Tables: - They are the intermediate tables to hold the multiple records at run time.

 There are 3 types of internal tables.

1. STANDARD Internal tables: - The standard Internal Tables are filled using the ABAP statement 'APPEND'/’INSERT’. It accepts the duplicate records. Searching of a record is Linear Search. It is the default index table. Standard internal table can be sorted explicitly.

Syntax: - DATA: <gt_dbtab> TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF <typ_dbtab/dbstr.....>.

2. SORTED Internal table: - The ABAP statement 'INSERT/APPEND' is used to fill Sorted Internal Table. It does not accept the Duplicate records. Searching of a record is Binary Search. Sorted internal table cannot be sorted explicitly. An

additional statement with UNIQUE/NON-UNIQ UE key must be used to declare Sorted Internal Tables.

Syntax :- DATA: <gt_dbtab> TYPE SORTED TABLE OF <dbtab/dbstr.....> WITH

UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE KEY <k-f1> <k-f2>.

3. HASHED Internal tables: - They are Non Index tables. The Hashed Internal Tables holds huge amount of data than Standard & Sorted internal tables since they follow ‘Hashed Algorithm’. The ABAP statement ‘WITH UNIQUE KEY' must be used to declare Hashed Internal Tables.

It holds huge amount of data (2 GB) than standard & sorted internal tables.

Syntax:- DATA: <gt_dbtab> TYPE HASHED TABLE OF <dbtab/dbstr.....> WITH UNIQUE KEY <k-f1> <k-f2>.

Differences between Work Area and Field Symbol in SAP ABAP.

What are the differences between Work Area and Field Symbol?

Differences between Work Area and Field Symbol in SAP ABAP.

Work Area

Field Symbol

-----------

1. It is the data variable.

1. It is a Pointer.

--------------

2. The ABAP statement is DATA is used to declare

or define work areas.

2. The ABAP statement FIELD-SYMBOLS is used to declare Field symbols.

------------------

3. The ABAP statement INTO is used to process record by record through work area .

3. The ABAP statement ASSIGNING is used to assign the FIELD-SYMBOLS .

------------------

4. The ABAP statement MODIFY must be used to

modify the internal table .

4.No need to use MODIFY , Since it is a pointer .

---------------------

5. No need to specify within the Angular brackets (< >).

5. It Must be specify within the Angular brackets (< >) .

Differences between Work area and internal tables In SAP ABAP.

 Differences between Work area and internal tables?

Work area and internal tables in SAP ABAP.

1. It Holds single record at a time. Work Area

1. Holds Multiple records.Internal Tables

2. It doesn't have BODY.Work Area

2. It has BODY [].Internal Tables

3.The Record by record is processed through the work area.Work Area

3. In case of internal table with header line the record by record is processed through header line.Internal Tables

NACE transaction code in SAP ABAP.

Explain about NACE transaction code?..

Ans: - NACE: - It is used to maintain the Output types and find the form name and print

program names. If you create the output type using NACE then it will be

automatically visible in table NAST and TNAPR.

The standard program TNAPR can also be used to find the form & print program name. 

 Execute the T-code NACE.

 Select an appropriate required application. 

 Click on output button on tool bar 

 Click on position button. 

 Enter the required Output type: NEU & Press Enter button. 

 Select the font Output type (NEU). 

 Double click on processing routines folder. 

 Click on display/change icon. 

 Change processing routine details such are print program, form routine, form name etc. 

 Click on save & click on create request icon. 

 Enter short description as per the project standards. 

 Click on save icon & click on Yes button.

What are the steps involved in handling Application server in SAP ABAP.

What are the steps involved in handling Application server?

Ans :- The T-Code AL11 is used to work with the Application server.

 The below ABAP statements are used to Download/Transfer the data from an internal table into the specified file path of an application server.

1. OPEN DATASET FOR OUTPUT: This statement is used to open the required files in write mode in application server.

2. TRANSFER: This statement is used to transfer the concatenated data into the opened file.

3. CLOSE DATASET: It is used to close the opened file in the server.

 The below ABAP statements are used to Upload/Read the data from file in application server into an internal table of the program.

1. OPEN DATASET FOR INPUT: This statement is used to open files in read mode.

2. READ DATA SET: This statement is used to read record by record from the opened file in Application server.

Details about LSMW in SAP ABAP.

 LSMW in SAP ABAP.

What is LSMW?

Ans :- Legacy System Migration Workbench .

 It is the system provided tool to migrate or convert the legacy system data.

 The T-Code 'LSMW' is used to work with this tool.

 An icon export is used to download the recording into Local PC.

 An option read from file is used to generate a program using the given recording file.

What are the steps for LSMW?

Ans: There are totally 14 steps in LSMW.

1. Maintain object attributes

2. Maintain source structures

3. Maintain source fields

4. Maintain structure relations

5. Maintain field mapping conversion rules

6. Maintain fixed values, translations & user-defined routines

7. Specify files

8. Assign files

9. Read data

10. Display read data

11. Convert data

12. Display converted data

13. Create batch input session

14. Run batch input session

Differences between Session Method and Call Transaction Method in SAP ABAP.

What are the differences between Session Method and Call Transaction Method?.

Session Method and Call Transaction Method in SAP ABAP.

Ans :-

Session

Call Transaction

1. The standard Function modules 'BDC_OPEN_GROUP’, 'BDC_INSERT' and 'BDC_CLOSE_GROUP' are used to work with the session method.

1. The ABAP statement CALL TRANSACTION ….is used.

2. The data is updated in Synchronously mode (Record by Record).

2. The data is updated in both synchronous and Asynchronous modes.

3. An Error LOG File is generated by the system to handle the errors.

3. The messages/errors are manually handled explicitly using the structure BDCMSGCOLL & the function modules 'FORMAT_MESSAGE’ or 'WRITE_MESSAGE’ or the table T100.

4. Session method can process any no of transactions at a time.

4. Call Transaction can process only one transaction at a time.

5. After processing the session through SM35 only, the database is updated.

5. Immediate database updation.

6. Session method is slower.

6. Call transaction method is faster

7. We can schedule the session method in background.

7. We can’t schedule the call transaction in background.

Differences between LSMW and BDC in SAP ABAP.

What are the differences between LSMW and BDC?.

Differences between LSMW and BDC in SAP ABAP.

Ans :-

LSMW

BDC

1. It is the system provided tool.

1. It is the Utility to develop a program.

2. Doesn’t require any programming knowledge.

2. It requires programming knowledge..

3. The data can be imported in different import methods such are Batch Input Recording, BAPI and IDOC.

3. The data is processed or migrated in Batch Input Method only

4. The Field mapping is done automatically by the System.

4. The Field mapping should be done manually by passing the Flat data.

5. The T-Code LSMW is used.

5. The T-Code SM35 is used to develop BDC program

6. Mostly used for both Huge & small amount (Master) of data.

6. BDC can be used for Small amount of data only.

7. LSMW is possible for custom screens/standard with custom fields of applications.

7. BDC can be used custom screens/custom fields of application also.

Transaction Codes associated with ALE, IDOCs in SAP ABAP.

 What are the Transaction Codes associated with ALE, IDOCs?

Transaction Codes associated with ALE, IDOC.

Ans :-

T-code

Description

SALE

Basic configuration of ALE/IDOC

WE30

Maintain(create & display) IDOC’s

WE31

Maintain(create & display) Segments

WE20

Maintain partner profiles

WE21

Maintain ports in IDCO processing

WE41

Maintain process codes (Outbound system)

WE42

Maintain process codes (Inbound system)

WE81

Maintain Logical Message Types

WE82

Assign message type to IDOC type

NACE

Maintain output type.

 Most of the T-codes which are related to ALE/IDOC starts with WE* & BD*.

 The T-code WE30 is used to create & display the different types of IDOC’s such as Basic

IDOC & Extended IDOC.

 The T-Code WE05/WE02 is used to list out the IDOC.

 The T-code WE19 is used to check the IDOC.

How to check the IDOCs In SAP ABAP.

How to check the IDOCs?

How to check the IDOCs.

WE19 is the T-code to check the IDOC’s.

1. Execute WE02/WE05

2. Provide the Message type: CREMAS (Logical Sys), Partner no: LS810 & Click on Execute

3. After we get the status code 03, if we want to know the IDOC is reached to destination or

not then we execute RBDMOIND standard program.

4. The status of an IDOC (3) use in Green color (turn 10 to12) means it is delivered

Successfully. Yellow traffic light indicates/the status code remains same, IDOC is in

Progress or in the Transaction RFC & Red traffic light/the status code turns 10 to 11

indicates the Error/the IDOC is damaged.

5. Expand the Data Records folder & click on each segment to see the data to be distributed.