SAP ABAP FOR BEST PRACTICE AND TRAVEL RELATED GUIDE

Thursday, May 26, 2022

TYPES OF TABLES IN SAP ABAP.

There are three types of tables.

1. Transparent Tables

2. Clustered Tables

3. Pooled Tables.

TRANSPARENT TABLES:- For every table created in Data dictionary (DDIC) there will be table created in database with same name, same no of fields, fields having same names and the order of the fields will be same. That means for every same replica of table or mirror image will be created in Data base. That means it is having one to one relation. By default every table created will be Transparent Table.

CLUSTERED TABLES:- Many tables created in DDIC are stored in single table in data base called table cluster. That means it is having many to one relation. All the tables present in table cluster will have primary key in common.

POOLED TABLES:- In case also many tables created in DDIC are stored in single table in database called table pool. Hence it also having many to one relation. Here the tables present in table pool many have primary key in common.

SE11 T-Code is used to create data base objects which includes tables.

A table can be client dependent or client independent. Table data only client dependent or client independent, but table structure is client independent.

CLIENT:- Client is SAP specific which contains its own master data and its own set of records. All SE38 programs are client independent programs. That means if a program is written in one client it can be seen all the clients present in the system.

To see all the clients present in a system T-code is SCC4.

If first field of the table is MANDT the table becomes client dependent table, otherwise it becomes client independent table. If the table is client dependent table the data that you enter in one client can not be seen in other clients. If the table is client independent table the data that is entered in one client can be seen all other clients. That means if the table is client independent all table in all clients contain same data.

Every table should have at least one primary key or foreign key. All primary key fields and foreign key fields of a table should be declared first.

Every table field should have DATA ELEMENT and DOMAIN.

DATA ELEMENT:- It gives semantic attributes of table field.

Eg:- Short description of table field.

DOMAIN:- It gives technical attributes of the table fields. Domain is the more reusable component than data element.

Eg:- Type of data it is going to hold.

TYPES OF DATA IN SAP

There are three types of data in SAP.

Customized data

Master data

Transactional data.

CUSTOMIZED DATA:- The data which never changes is called Customised data. This data is not created but configured by functional consultant using SPRO tranction.

MASTER DATA: The data which changes very rarely is called Master data.

TRANSACTIONAL DATA:- The data which changes very frequently is called Transactional data.

CONTROL STATEMENTS IN SAP ABAP.

Control statements are nothing but loops. The property of the loop is to rotate by it self until loop is terminated. There are 4 types of control statements in SAP. They are

DO.

ENDDO.

DO N TIMES.

ENDDO.

WHILE <CONDITION>.

ENDWHILE.

CASE <VARIABLE>.

WHEN <VALUE1>.

WHEN <VALUE2>.

WHEN OTHERS.

ENDCASE.

Exit statement is used to terminate the loop. SY-INDEX is a system variable which gives present loop iteration number. These both things we use in coming program to see how they act in the loop.

SYSTEM VARIABLES IN SAP.

1. sy-datum -- Date

2. sy-uzeit -- Time

3. sy-mandt -- Logon client number

4. sy-uname -- Logon user name

5. sy-repid -- Report program name

6. sy-cprog -- Current program name

7. sy-dynnr -- Screen number

8. sy-tcode -- Transaction code

9. sy-pagno -- Page number

Sample program with these system variable is.

&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& Report ZSAMPLE *

*& *

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

*& *

*& SYSTEM VARIABLES *

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT ZSAMPLE .

write / sy-datum.

write / sy-uzeit.

write / sy-uname.

write / sy-repid.

write / sy-cprog.

write / sy-mandt.

write / sy-dynnr.

write / sy-pagno.

Write / sy-tcode.

Thursday, May 12, 2022

Details About Smart forms in SAP ABAP

Smart forms are used to design the business documents such as purchase order, sales order,

invoice, Performa etc.

Smart forms are introduced from 4.6c version onwards. It also supports output mode as ‗EMAIL‘.

Components of Smart forms:

1. Smart form layout.

2. Function module.

3. Print layout.

Components of the smart forms layout:

1. Global settings.

2. Pages and windows.

Components of Global settings:

1. Form attributes

2. Form interface

3. Global definition

Form attributes:

Form attributes contain header information i.e.

Form name

Language

Page format

Created by…………..

Form interface: this is used to declare the variables, work area and internal tables which we need to

transfer the data from print program to layout.

Global definition: this is used to declare the variables, work-area and internal table which are used to

implement the logic in the layout.

PAGES: page is the physical area where we place the window. We can‘t print the text in the page.

WINDOWS: we can place the same window in ‗n‘ number of pages but we can‘t print the data directly

on the window.

Procedure of Smart Form:

1. Based on the client requirement we design the smart form layout by using SMARTFORMS t-

code.

2. After activating the smart form it generates a function module.

3. Based on the function module we develop the print program.

NOTE: Printing the data on the page window is always through symbols.

There are four types of symbols.

1. Program symbols

2. System symbols

3. Standard symbols

4. Text symbols.

Each symbol starts with ‗&‘ ends with ‗&‘.

Details About Function Module And Subroutine in SAP.

1.Attributes:-

Attributes specify the type of the function module, normal or remote.

We can access the normal function module with in the server only, where as we

can access remote function modules with in the server as well as outside the server

also.

2. Import acts like using in the subroutine.

3. Export acts like changing the subroutine.

4. Changing acts like both import & export.

5. Tables acts like both import & export only for internal tables.

6. Exception use to handle the errors.

7. Source code – the logic related to function module.

Differences between function module & subroutine:-

Function module Subroutine

1. Function modules are global, i.e.,

we can access the function module

with in the server as well as outside

the server also.

2. We can test the function module

independently.

3. We can handle the errors in

function module.

4. Function modules are defined by

using SE37 transaction code.

1. Subroutines are local, i.e., we can

access the subroutine with in the

server only.

2. We can‘t test the subroutine

independently without calling the

subroutine.

3. We can‘t handle the errors in

subroutine.

4. Subroutines are defined by using

SE38 transaction code.

Steps to create function module:-

 Execute SE37.

 Provide your function module name.

 Create.

 Provide function group name & short description.

 Save.

Note:-

Function modules return single values, multiple single value

How to create Function Group in SAP

Steps to create Function group:-

 Execute SE37.

 In the menu bar – goto – function groups – create group.

 Provide your function group name.

 Provide short description.

 Save – local object.

Steps to activate the function group:-

 Execute SE37.

 In the menu bar – environment – inactive objects.

 Expand your function group.

 Select your function group.

 Click on activate (in ECC 6.0 – select function group – right click – activate).

Components of the function module:-

1. Attributes.

2. Import.

3. Export.

4. Changing.

5. Tables.

6. Exception.

7. Source code.

Differences between Macros & Subroutines in SAP

Differences between Macros & Subroutines:-

Macros Subroutines

1. In macro definition should be the

first & the calling should be the next.

2. The definition of the macro as

well as the calling of the macro in

the same program.

3. Macros can take up to 9 place

holders.

4. We can place any executable

statements after the definition of the

macro.

5. Macros are used in HR ABAP.

1. In subroutine calling should be the

first & definition should be the next.

2. The definition of the subroutine as

well as the calling of the subroutine

may or may not be in the same

program.

3. Subroutines can take any number

of place holders.

4. We can‘t place any executable

statements after the definition of the

macro.

5. Subroutines are used in both

ABAP & HR ABAP.

Global data:-

Subroutines can access the global declarations in which they are

defined.

When ever the changes occurred in the subroutine those changes will be reflected

to global declarations.

Note:-

LOCAL is the keyword to avoid the changes in subroutines.Differences between Macros & Subroutines:-

Macros Subroutines

1. In macro definition should be the

first & the calling should be the next.

2. The definition of the macro as

well as the calling of the macro in

the same program.

3. Macros can take up to 9 place

holders.

4. We can place any executable

statements after the definition of the

macro.

5. Macros are used in HR ABAP.

1. In subroutine calling should be the

first & definition should be the next.

2. The definition of the subroutine as

well as the calling of the subroutine

may or may not be in the same

program.

3. Subroutines can take any number

of place holders.

4. We can‘t place any executable

statements after the definition of the

macro.

5. Subroutines are used in both

ABAP & HR ABAP.

Global data:-

Subroutines can access the global declarations in which they are

defined.

When ever the changes occurred in the subroutine those changes will be reflected

to global declarations.

Note:-

LOCAL is the keyword to avoid the changes in subroutines.

Monday, April 25, 2022

Differences between function module & subroutine in SAP ABAP.

Function module

Subroutine

1. Function modules are global, i.e.,

we can access the function module

with in the server as well as outside

the server also.

2. We can test the function module

independently.

3. We can handle the errors in

function module.

4. Function modules are defined by

using SE37 transaction code.

1. Subroutines are local, i.e., we can

access the subroutine with in the

server only.

2. We can‘t test the subroutine

independently without calling the

subroutine.

3. We can‘t handle the errors in

Subroutine.

4. Subroutines are defined by using

SE38 transaction code.

Steps to create function module:-

 Execute SE37.

 Provide your function module name.

 Create.

 Provide function group name & short description.

 Save.

How to create Function Group in SAP ABAP.

Steps to create Function group:-

 Execute SE37.

 In the menu bar – goto – function groups – create group.

 Provide your function group name.

 Provide short description.

 Save – local object.

Steps to activate the function group:-

 Execute SE37.

 In the menu bar – environment – inactive objects.

 Expand your function group.

 Select your function group.

 Click on activate (in ECC 6.0 – select function group – right click – activate).

Components of the function module:-

1. Attributes.

2. Import.

3. Export.

4. Changing.

5. Tables.

6. Exception.

7. Source code.

Differences between Macros & Subroutines:-

Macros

Subroutines

1. In macro definition should be the

first & the calling should be the next.

2. The definition of the macro as

well as the calling of the macro in

the same program.

3. Macros can take up to 9 place

holders.

4. We can place any executable

statements after the definition of the

macro.

5. Macros are used in HR ABAP.

1. In subroutine calling should be the

first & definition should be the next.

2. The definition of the subroutine as

well as the calling of the subroutine

may or may not be in the same

program.

3. Subroutines can take any number

of place holders.

4. We can‘t place any executable

statements after the definition of the

macro.

5. Subroutines are used in both

ABAP & HR ABAP.

Differences between single select &select up to 1 in SAP ABAP.

Differences between single select &select up to 1 rows:-

Select single

Select up to 1 rows

1. It always retrieves only one record

at a time.

2. Here we must pass entire primary

key combination in the where

condition.

3. This is used to retrieve particular

record.

Syntax:-

1. It always retrieves only one

record.

2. Enough to pass a part of key

combination in the where condition.

It always picks the first record

among the matched records.

3. This is used for validation.

Create Table step in SAP ABAP

Create Table step in SAP ABAP.

Steps to create the Emp table by using Top-down approach data type.

element:-

 Execute SE11.

 Select the radio button database table.

 Provide your table name (YSPRAO_730_Emp1).

 Click on create – enter.

 Provide any short meaningful description (Emp table by using Top-down

approach).

 Provide delivery class (a).

 Select the maintenance allowed.

 Click on the fields tab.

 Provide the field name (Eid) & data element name which is not there

(ZZSPRAO_730_Eid).]

 Double click on the data element – save before editing – yes – local object –

cerate the data element – yes.

 Provide a meaningful description.

 Provide domain name which is not created (ZSPRAO_730_Eid).

 Double click on domain – save before editing – yes – local object – yes.

 Provide a short description, data type & length.

Eid ZZSPRAO_730_Eid.

 Save the domain.

 Check the domain.

 Activate the domain.

 Come back.

 Save the data element.

 Check the data element.

 Activate the data element.

 Come back.

 Repeat the same for all the fields

Steps to create Data element in SAP ABAP.

 Execute SE11.

 Select the radio button data type.

 Provide your data element name (YYSPRAO_730_Eid).

 Click on create – enter.

 Provide any short meaningful description (id of the emp).

 Provide domain name which is already created – enter.

 Save the data element.

 Check the data element.

 Activate the data element.

 Repeat the same procedure for all the data elements

Steps to create Domain in SAP ABAP.

 Execute SE11.

 Select the radio button domain.

 Provide your domain name (YSPRAO_730_Eid).

 Click on create.

 Provide any short description (domain).

 Provide data type & length.

 Save the domain.

 Check the domain.

 Activate the domain.

 Repeat the same steps to all the domains

STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED IN CREATION OF LAYOUTSET IN SAP ABAP.

T-code SE71

Give form name

Give language

Press create button

Give description

Press page button

Give page name

Press enter

Give page description

Give next page name

Press page windows button

To copy main window Edit --( Create element

Double click main window. ( main window will be copied to the page)

Give some window width and height (eg. 10 cm and 10 cm)

To see the page format Settings --( Form Painter

Check the check box Graphical Form Painter

Press enter

To adjust the main window , drag it to the place where you want. You can change the size also.

To create new windows right click create window.

Move the window to the position where it is needed and adjust the size.

To rename window Right click Rename.

To close page format Settings-( Form painter

Un check the check box Graphical Form Painter

Press enter

To create paragraph format Press Paragraph formats push button

Give paragraph format name

Press enter

Give description

Press header

Press Basic settings

Give first page and Default paragraph

Save

To check errors form-( check-( Definition

To activate form -( Activate.

This is how we have to design the page. The no of windows in the page depends on page layout. Now I want to keep a logo in one of the windows of page. For that we first have to upload the logo into sap. For uploading logo into sap the T-code is SE78.

It is used to upload only Bitmap images.

SCRIPTS IN SAP ABAP.

It is the integrated text management system of SAP. The output of scripts and normal report will be same. But formatting is very easy using scripts. Usually scripts are used for external purpose and reports are used for internal purpose. When specific format is required in output we go for scripts.

In scripts we require layout set and print program. Layout set is used for designing the output. That is page designing is done here. For this Transaction code is SE71 (form painter).

Print program is used for writing the logic to get the data from data base. It is an executable program which is written in SE38 T-code.

Attributes of form painter (SE71)

Header

Pages

Windows

Page windows

Paragraph Formats

Character Formats

HEADER:- It contains Basic settings and administrative data. Administrative data gives history of the form and basic settings gives technical information about the form.

PAGES:- It is a logical memory area where output is formatted. It is a repository of pages.

WINDOWS:- I t is a place on the page where output or data is formatted. Page has to be divided into windows in order to hold the output. We cant format the output outside the windows. Windows is repository of windows.

Paragraph formats and Character formats are used for alignment or beautifying the output.

SESSION METHOD IN SAP ABAP.

Differences between call transaction and session method.

In call transaction updation is immediate but in session method updation is not immediate.

In call transaction user has to handle errors but in session system handles the errors.

In call transaction updation can be synchronous or asynchronous or local but in session method updation by default synchronous.

Call transaction returns sy-subrc value but session will not return sy-subrc value.

In session method the data will be stored intermediately in session. After processing the session only the data will be moved into data base. For processing the session the T-code is SM35.

SESSION:- It is an intermediate memory area where data with flow logic is stored. It is intermediate between internal table and data base table. A session can not be processed on the date on which it is created. A session can not be processed if it is processed successfully. If session is having error it can be processed any number of times.

In session method we have to use 3 function modules.

BDC_OPEN_GROUP

BDC_INSERT

BDC_CLOSE_GROUP

BDC_OPEN_GROUP: - This function module is used to create a session with particular name.

BDC_INSERT:- This function module is used to move flow logic and data into session. This function module should be called between the loop and endloop after recording steps.

BDC_CLOSE_GROUP:- This function module should be used to close the session. If this function module is not used the session will be created but we cant process the session.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AT NEW AND ON CHANGE OF IN SAP.

At new should be used inside the loop, but on change of can be used outside the loop also.

At new takes only one field, but on change of can take multiple fields.

Let us assume that an internal table is having f1, f2, f3 , f4 and f5 fields and if at new is applied on f3 field it will be triggered for every change in f1, f2 and f3 fields, but on change of will be triggered for only changes in f3.

TYPES OF REPORTS IN SAP

TYPES OF REPORTS IN SAP.

There are three types of reports.

Classical Reports

Interactive Reports

Drill down Reports

CLASSICAL REPORT:- A report which can generate only one list, that is Basic List, is called classical report. First List of a report is called BASIC LIST.

INTERACTIVE REPORT:- A report which can generate one basic list and upto 20 interactive lists is called an interactive report. First list is called Basic List and Interactive lists are called Secondary Lists.

DRILL DOWN REPORTS:- In these reports the output will be in tree forma