ABAP INTERVIEW QUESTION
ü What is an ABAP data dictionary?
- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the
logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how
they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
ü What are domains and data element?
- Domains:Domain is the central object for
describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business
objects. It describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to
describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the
field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
ü What is foreign key relationship?
- A relationship which can be defined
between tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are
used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against
existing data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining
foreign key relationship cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions
how many dependent records or how referenced records are possible.
ü Describe data classes.
- Master data: It is the data which is
seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed.
Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when
the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data
which R/3 system needs for itself.
ü What are indexes?
- Indexes are described as a copy of a
database table reduced to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form.
This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that
other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated record of the actual
table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated along with the table
and are created automatically with it in the database.
ü Difference between transparent tables and
pooled tables.
- Transparent tables: Transparent tables
in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its
structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database has the
same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data.
Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with
the table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the
dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
ü What is an ABAP/4 Query?
- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to
generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the
following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics:
Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For
analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create
user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created using with
or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to functional
group. Finally, create a query on the functional group generated.
ü What is BDC programming?
- Transferring of large/external/legacy
data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic
procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component
of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input
programs and groups associated data into “sessions”.
ü What are the functional modules used in
sequence in BDC?
- These are the 3 functional modules which
are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC
programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and
user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to
insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is
used to close the batch input session.
ü What are internal tables?
- Internal tables are a standard data type
object which exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to
perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising
the contents of database tables according to users need.
ü What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?
- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server.
ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts
screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa.
Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3
system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the
R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of
automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to
language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
ü What is DynPro?
- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is
a combination of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as
DynPro.
ü What are screen painter and menu painter?
- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool
to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI
screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow
logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool
to design the interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key
settings, functions and titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen
painter and menu painter both are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4
applications.
ü What are the components of SAP scripts?
- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of
SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a standard
normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following
components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating
forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and
character string. ABAP/4 program.
ü What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is
this grid used in ABAP?
- ALV is Application List viewer. Sap
provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into
use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to
enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in
sap when the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255
characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose
selected columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and
also save different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool
for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The
report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array
of display options.
ü What are the events in ABAP/4 language?
- Initialization, At selection-screen,
Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At
line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
ü What is CTS and what do you know about it?
- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is
a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench
and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and
clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides you with an
overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential information on
setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a transport
strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your development
project.
ü What are logical databases? What are the
advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?
- To read data from a database tables we
use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to a group
of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which
check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data
selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good read
access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined by the
application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in
the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET
command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next event
statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
ü What is a batch input session?
- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate
step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is
stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed,
program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
ü How to upload data using CATT ?
- These are the steps to be followed to
Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the
sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the
source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
ü What is Smart Forms?
- Smart Forms allows you to create forms
using a graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more.
Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart
Form solution.
ü How can I make a differentiation between
dependent and independent data?
- Client dependent or independent transfer
requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change
requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries
in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one
change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find
the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then
that transport will be client dependent.
ü What is the difference between macro and
subroutine?
- Macros can only be used in the program
the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation /
generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program the are
defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for
some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local
subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a
subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really
possible, prevent the use of them (I’ve never used them, but seen them in
action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If
the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
ü How data is stored in cluster table?
Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains the no. of entries.
Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains the no. of entries.
ü What are client dependant objects in
abap/sap?
SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.
SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.
ü On which even we can validate the input
fields in module progams?
In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.)
In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.)
ü In selection screen I have three fields,
plant mat no and material group. If I input plant how do I get the mat no and
material group based on plant dynamically?
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL.
CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and material group for the plant.
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL.
CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and material group for the plant.
ü How do you get output from IDOC?
Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from Idoc is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments.
Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from Idoc is obtained by reading the data stored in its respective segments.
ü When top of the page event is triggered?
After excuteing first write statement in start-of-selection event.
After excuteing first write statement in start-of-selection event.
ü Can we create field without data element
and how?
In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip. Data element/ direct type.
In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip. Data element/ direct type.
ü How do we debug sapscript?
Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to utilities select debugger mode on.
Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to utilities select debugger mode on.
ü Which transaction code can I used to
analyze the performance of ABAP program.
TCode AL21.
TCode AL21.
ü How can I copy a standard table to make my
own z_table.
Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and press enter.
Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button. Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and press enter.
ü Following are some of the answers which I
gave upto my knowledge.
ü 1. What is the use of 'outerjoin'
Ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all the tables used in the view.
In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the view.
Ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all the tables used in the view.
In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the view.
ü 2. When to use logical database?
Ans. Advantage of Logical databases:
less coding s required to retrieve data compared to normal internel tables.
Tables used LDB are in hierarchial structure.
Ans. Advantage of Logical databases:
less coding s required to retrieve data compared to normal internel tables.
Tables used LDB are in hierarchial structure.
ü 3. What is the use of 'table index'?
Ans .Index is used for faster access of data base tables.
Ans .Index is used for faster access of data base tables.
ü 4. What is the use of 'FOR ALL ENTRIES'?
Ans. To avoid nested select statements we use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES statement.
If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is used.
Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use.
Ans. To avoid nested select statements we use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES statement.
If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is used.
Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use.
ü 5. Can you set up background processing
using CALL TRANSACTION?
Yes,Using No Screen Mode.
Yes,Using No Screen Mode.
ü 6. What are table buffers?
Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The data of buffered tables can thus be accessed
directly from the buffer of the application server. This avoids the time-consuming process of accessing the database.
Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The data of buffered tables can thus be accessed
directly from the buffer of the application server. This avoids the time-consuming process of accessing the database.
ü Buffering is useful if table needs to be
accessed more no. of times in a program.
ü
ü How do I set a flag for a field in any
table?
Create a char field of length 1. for example field STAS-LKENZ is Deletion Indicator. It means that if the value in the field is 'X' then that record has been deleted.
Create a char field of length 1. for example field STAS-LKENZ is Deletion Indicator. It means that if the value in the field is 'X' then that record has been deleted.
ü Can I execute user exits? If yes, how?
Yes you can. after finding the user exit, you need to use, goto CMOD add ur user-exit to your project. Then activate the FM which you require. Now go into that function module there will be a Include program wit name ZX* . Double click on it, it will ask to create an object, answer it Yes and then write your code in it.
Yes you can. after finding the user exit, you need to use, goto CMOD add ur user-exit to your project. Then activate the FM which you require. Now go into that function module there will be a Include program wit name ZX* . Double click on it, it will ask to create an object, answer it Yes and then write your code in it.
ü How do I find the output type of a table
or a program?
Table TNAPR / NAST
Table TNAPR / NAST
